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The Agricultural policy of fascism in Italy was a series of complex measures and laws designed and enforced during Italian Fascism, as a move towards attempted autarky, specifically by Benito Mussolini following the Battle for Grain〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IBHistoryHLWiki - Mussolinis Italy )〕 and the 1935 invasion of Abyssinia and subsequent trade embargoes (despite continued trade with Germany). ==Introduction== During the Giolittian Era farmers were gathered into two distinct groups in Italy: *The SAI (Italian Society of Farmers), founded in Rome in 1895 and engaged in lobbying activities and as a pressure group of farmers.〔Report on the reform of the Agricultural Society in the Italian National Institute of Agriculture, "Bulletin of the sessions of the Scientific-Technical Section and Section practical and propaganda of the National Institute of Agriculture", The (1922), fascicles. III, pp.. 113-122.〕 *the CNA (National Confederation of Agriculture), founded in 1910 in Bologna, which was in charge of trade unionism in agriculture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Google Translate )〕 To counter this situation, the government of Francesco Saverio Nitti issued the Visocchi-decree in 1919, followed by the Falcioni-decree in 1920, which allowed the granting of ill-cultivated and uncultivated land to cooperatives formed by war veterans. For the first time the State gave landless peasants the necessary legal instruments to claim the right to land, despite the ambiguities and red tape. Upon the return from the First World War, veterans returned to a promise for Latifundium, ill-cultivated land and uncultivated land to be distributed amongst them and cooperatives formed by veterans, under the Visocchi-decree in 1919 and the Falcioni-decree in 1920 under the government of Francesco Saverio Nitti. In this period there were many clashes known as the Red Biennium, in which many Italians rioted and picketed against high prices and inflation, known in Tuscancy as Bocci Bocci. (A linguistic contamination of the word Bolshevism)〔Roberto Bianchi: Bocci-buds. The food riots of 1919 in Tuscany, Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki, Florence, 2001 ISBN 88-222-4983-6〕 This led to an expansion of a peasant movement with extensive and comprehensive land occupations due to a socialist hatred of veterans for the outcome of the war, who were often insulted in the street, some of which came under attack such as an Italian military officer Piero Operti who was amongst residents attacked by militant socialists.〔Piero Operti in Open Letter to Benedetto Croce stated in Pino Rauti Rutilio-Dale, History of Fascism, to the Government, the National Editorial Centre, Rome, p. 107: "Who's missing arm and unarmed, those of the leg, we were unable to oppose any reaction, we snatched the medals, the trampled, they did not do more, satisfied with the gesture or off the wrath of our liabilities, and diverged. We picked up our medals from dust and returned to the Hospital "〕 During this period two unions where created during the clashes of the Red Biennium period, known as white and red alloys, the protagonists of the clashes. Large landowners sustained a campaign of Sbracciantizzazione, selecting farmers based on personal skills, and was aimed at reducing the number of workers per day (causing a reduction of 44% to 28% of rural workers who were not landowners), failed largely due to the small assignments of land.〔Faita PA, The agrarian policy of fascism: the relationships among the rural classes, production decisions, IRRSAE Piedmont Project history, Chivasso, 1995.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Agricultural policy of Fascism (Italy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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